Why does your knee hurt: Reasons for what you need to do

Knee pain is a widespread symptom, signaling the suffering in the body - the appearance of joint disease or simply increasing leg load.

It is difficult to find a person who has never experienced pain in the knee for a certain period of life.Uncomfortable, clicking or pain of different intensity in the knee joint occurs in both adults and children for many reasons.The older the person, the higher the possibility of diseases, the first sign of it is the pain in the knee.This is due to the age characteristics of the body: slowing down metabolic processes, worn down cartilage tissue of joints, related to other problems with the musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, nerves.

Due to complicated anatomical structure, many significant structures and loads are experienced, and often overloaded, knee joints are very vulnerable.Damage to any element of the structure, for example, an interpretation bag, leading to a violation of the knee movement function and thereby, pain syndrome.Ligament and senisci are considered to be the most vulnerable, they are injured in 80 matches 85% of cases.

Anatomy structure of the knee

The knee consists of a knee joint, a far end of the femur with two tumors and coats, tibia, muscles, nerves, vessels, ligaments, tea bones (knee cups), joint bags and cartilage.

The knee joint is one of the large joints of the body.The femur approach him from above.The joint surfaces of the tube types (exterior) and intermediate (internal) are joints connected to the patella bone and tibia.Meniski, is a connective tissue cartilage, acting as a shock absorber of the joint.Thanks to them, the reasonable distribution of human weight on the tiger plateau occurs and the stability of the joint increases.Delicate, two ends, back half and other muscles synchronize capsules of capsules, ensuring the motor activity of the knee joint.

The elements of the knee are connected by many ligaments.Inside the joints are two cross -shaped ligaments - rear and front.Hobbies are connected to fiber bone and tibia with collateral ligament.The tilt of the Popliteal ligament is located at the back of the Bursa of the knee joint.The main capsules - interpretation, not communicating with joints, are distinguished from some joints.The blood supply to the knee elements is done by a network of noble blood vessels, and the conservation is performed by nerve fibers.

Causes of knee pain

There are many causes of aches and pains of knee joints, which can be divided into conditions into many groups.

Injury injury of knee elements:

1. The bitterness of the knee.Due to the distance of blood vessels, local hemorrhage occurs in the soft tissue of the joint.Red, swollen, damage to the nerve ends leading to pain, difficulty moving.
2. Full or partial ligament rupture.More often, part of the violation of the integrity of the inner ligament, arising from the excessive twisting of the lower leg, which is diagnosed.

The outer ligament is less frequent than the inside.This is due to the strong deviation of the lower leg into the inside, for example.The rupture of the cross -shaped ligament is definitely accompanied by HemARTHROSIS.

A complete break of both ligaments is often combined with damage to the common bag, tearing the inner cartilage.Such injury leads to excessive movement of the knee joint, accompanied by intense pain, intensity depending on the distance.

1. Hemarthrosis of knee joints - Bleeding into the common cavity.There is a traumatic nature and not human.The injury hemarthrosis is observed with the broken cartilage of articular cartilage, full or incomplete ligament rupture, intracranial fractures, bruises of the knee area.The option is not one of the symptoms of diseases characterized by the briefness of blood vessels or violating blood clotting systems.They include hemophilia, scurvy, serious types of causes of hemorrhage.The blood has accumulated in the tissue compressed cavity, breaking the blood circulation in them.A special pigment - Hemosiderin - negatively affects ligaments, hyaline cartilage, an epidemic bag, leading to their elasticity.The result of the common bource damage is the swelling of her villa and the production of joint fluid increases.The result of repeated hemorrhage is nourishing and destroying joints.
2. Knee muscle disease - Violating the integrity of the joint cartilage of the knee joint.In the form of the side, the outside cartilage is damaged, with intermediaries - inside.This is one of the most popular, but it is difficult to diagnose the knee damage.In the risk area of the disease, it is not only athletes participating in intensive training, but also ordinary people.The broken cartilage can come from an abnormal movement when turning around, turning your legs, a strong hit into the knee.
3. Knee dislocations - The pathological change of tea cake bone.Trauma is diagnosed in no more than 0.7% of the total number of dislocations.More often with external dislocations, less often - internal, very rarely - vertical or twisted.With incomplete dislocations, the knee cup is determined on the side tube (outside), with full - from the outside from the side tube.
4. Broken or open of the knee joint, the upper part of the bone of the lower leg or the lower spine. Such wounds are often combined with damage to the soft tissue of the knee, causing great hemorrhage, excessive moving in the knee area, deformed.

Inflammation and degeneration-Degal-degeneration of knee joint elements:

1. Arthritis - Damage due to knee arthritis.A similar mechanism for the development of pathology is observed with osteoarthritis, joint spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (with urate deposition into joints).
2. Gonarthrosis (gonarthrosis) With the failure of the knee joint is not inflamed, affects all its structures and leads to serious degenerative changes.
3. Burs inflammation With epidemic inflammation, Bursa leads to pain in the process of bending and prolonging the knee movements.
4. The tendon inflammation of the head of the knee joint - Folliculitis of the goose of the leg, knee veins, as well as muscles and ligaments around the joints.In this case, the pain occurs mainly during down the stairs, especially with a heavy load and focusing on the internal surface of the knee.
5. Chondropathy disease of tea cake bone -Peenative-non-chic changes in cartilage of the joint surface (rear) of the tea cake bone.The level of destruction may vary: from lighting areas to cracks and completely abrasive.

6. Chondromatosis - A serious chronic disease due to the disorder of the island degeneration of the joints of the joints in cartilage - Chondrom.The fossils of individual cartilage bodies are not excluded.
7. Baker's Nang - The formation of a dense round tumor formation in a Fossa Pooleal is on the opposite side of the tea cake bone.The follicles can be clearly visible in the exposed state of the knee.Causing discomfort, pain in the popleal area.With a significant size, it tightens blood vessels and nerves, leading to weakening of conservation and blood circulation.
8. GOFF - A disease, accompanied by damage and degenerative fat tissue lying around the knee joint.Pinches, edema and other damage to fat cells - fat cells - ends with their replacement with dense tissue.As a result, the buffer function of the Viking fat pillow is broken, the fat tissue becomes unable to play the role of shock absorbers.
9. OSGUD -SWERTER - A disease characterized by the murder of the bugrous part of the tibia.Diagnosis among teenagers from 10 to 18 years old playing sports.A painful swelling appears under the tea cake bone, in case of no treatment, resulting in a restriction of leg or completely immobile, as well as lowering muscle blood pressure.

The diseases in which pain in the knee are possible:

1. Cokesartrosis of hip joints - Chronic damage to hip joints, accompanied by progressive degeneration and change in dysfunction in it.Often the pain spreads to the outer surface of the thigh to the knee or below.
2. Sedative neuropathy - Non -inflammatory lesions for nerves are the result of compressing or contracting blood vessels.This nerve reaches the feet, starting in the lower back and passing through the tail and pelvis.The blockade at any point for its length leads to a decrease in sensitivity or pain.
3. Pain of muscle fibrosis - Failure in addition to soft tissues with non -inflammatory properties with a combination of symptoms in the form of joint pain, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases lead to knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis - The disease of the skeletal system of a chronic progression course, changing mineral composition and bone density.The oven of calcium from bone leads to their fragility.This process comes with a smoke or pain in the limb.
2. Tubercon.The tuberculosis lesions of the bone position lead to severe serious pain.
3. Osteoarthritis -An infectious and inflammatory disease, affecting all the structural elements of the bone.The results of both are specific, for example, tuberculosis and nonsense, more often, osteomyelitis is hypertension of the skin, edema, acute pain in the bone and muscle, fever temperature.
4. Some infectious diseases.With Reiter syndrome, in addition to related to the genital tract and eye mucosa, the joints are affected.One of the manifestations of Lyme disease is joint pain.

Types of knee pain

Depending on the cause, nature and intensity of the pain may vary.

• Painful.With arthritis, osteoarthritis.
• Acute, strong.With fractures of knee elements, broken ligaments, acute buckets, bruises of the knee, worsen masculine disease, osteoarthritis is deformed.
• Bang.With deformed arthritis, cartilage trauma.
• Drill.With osteomyelitis.
• Dumb.With Burit, chronic osteoarthritis.
• Burn.With the compression of sciatica, tuberculosis process in bone.
• Shoot. When pinching nerves.
• Pain when walking.With cysts of bakers, buckthrough, arthritis, Gonarthrosis, Periarthride.
• The pain alone. With gout, arthritis.

Diagnosis of knee pain

Physical examination:

• collecting Anamnesis and complaints;
• Visual test with knee touch.

Research in the laboratory:

• Biochemical and clinical testing;
• Serum blood test;
• Immunosuppressor test;
• rheumatism;
• Analysis of bacteria of synovial fluid.

Invasive tool method:

• Joint endoscopy;
• general bag perforation;
• Bone biopsy.

Diagnosis of non -invasive tools:

• X -ray of knee joints;
• density;
• General ultrasound research;
• MRI or CT.

Treat knee pain

If the pain in one or both knees is not a person of appearance, then you should first switch to the therapist, based on the patient's complaints and the objective test results, will go directly to a narrow expert - an orthopedic doctor, neurologist, neurologist.In case of injury, you need to contact the surgeon or orthopedic injury.

Treatment in each case is different, depending on the cause of the pain, that is, on the type of injury or disease.Each disease has its own treatment.But first, the patient must comply with a number of general rules:

• significantly reducing hiking time and on the foot during the day;
• Temporary athletes (before recovery) abandon training, and ordinary people run or dance;
• When the pain increases, fully abandoned the movements, applying a fixed piece of tape from the elastic tape to the knee;
• wear a piece of tape or ice for the knee joint;
• With a bruise, cold in the position of injury effects.

Rheumatism, psoriasis arthritis, system immune diseases need serious integration treatment, performed for months.Basic therapies include immunosuppressive drugs, anti -inflammatory and hormonal drugs not due to no, etc.

In the treatment of Burs inflammation, analgesics and anti -inflammatory drugs are used.If the infection is detected, an antibiotic process.Perforation of the bag is performed to remove excess liquid from the epidemic compartment and/or introduce one of their corticosteroids.Activities help eliminate the chronic inflammation of the brush - remove the surgery of the epidemic bag.

With deformed osteoarthritis, Glucocorticosteroid injection internally, the amount of NSAID and chondroprotector lasted effectively.To reduce pain syndrome, compressed with dimexide or bischofit, ointment and gel have a prescribed anti -inflammatory effect in the locality.Massage, physiotherapy, physical therapy help.The serious lesions of the knee joint requires surgical intervention - endrosthetic joints.

Osteoporosis treatment includes during the use of bisphosphonates, calcitonin, calcium preparations, vitamin D, etc.

The treatment of cartilage rupture may be conservative or surgical.Conservative therapy includes painkillers, NSAID, hyaluronic acid, chondroprotors.But first, the common relation is done.

Types of surgical intervention:

• Neck cut surgery;
• Muscle surgery (incomplete);
• Cartilage transplant;
• Joint endoscopy;
• Endoscopy of cartilage broken.

With any knee injury, after treatment, rehabilitation time, will take place under the control of a rehabilitation doctor or orthopedic expert, which is very important.The doctor will compile an optimal general recovery program.The main methods of rehabilitation after surgery are massage and exercise tools.The special simulation classes are also effective, gradually developing knee joints.